以原書 Car Co. worked example 建立完整損益表階梯,從 Revenue、Cost of Goods Sold(COGS)一路推到 Net Income。
Car Co. 每輛車售價 20,000,製造所需原料成本 5,000。第一季總 Revenue 為 500,000,COGS 為 125,000;公司另有 SG&A、Advertising、R&D、Other Income、D&A 與利息項目。
| 項目 | 1Q 2021 |
|---|---|
| Revenue | 500,000 |
| COGS | 125,000 |
| SG&A | 77,500 |
| Advertising | 7,500 |
| R&D | 5,000 |
| Other Income | 1,000 |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 8,000 |
| Interest Expense | 25,000 |
| Interest Income | 125 |
| Tax Rate | 35% |
Gross Profit = Revenue − COGS;Total Operating Expenses = SG&A + Advertising + R&D;EBITDA = Gross Profit − Operating Expenses + Other Income;EBIT = EBITDA − D&A;Net Interest Expense = Interest Expense − Interest Income;EBT = EBIT − Net Interest Expense;Tax = EBT × Tax Rate;Net Income = EBT − Tax。
| 指標 | 結果 |
|---|---|
| Gross Profit | 375,000 |
| Gross Profit Margin | 75% |
| Total Operating Expenses | 90,000 |
| EBITDA | 286,000 |
| EBIT | 278,000 |
| Net Interest Expense | 24,875 |
| EBT | 253,125 |
| Tax | 88,593.75 |
| Net Income | 164,531.25 |
同一筆營收會依序受到直接成本、營業費用、折舊、融資成本與稅的影響。Gross Profit 反映產品經濟性;EBITDA 排除折舊與融資結構;EBIT 納入資產耗用;EBT 再反映淨利息;Net Income 才是稅後結果。
請只根據以下已計算結果解釋 Car Co. 的獲利階梯:Revenue 500,000、Gross Profit 375,000、EBITDA 286,000、EBIT 278,000、EBT 253,125、Net Income 164,531.25。說明每一層比上一層少了什麼,不要自行增加其他費用。
**問題:**若 COGS 由 125,000 增加到 150,000,其他條件不變,結果如何?