依原書 Figure 10-9~10-10,建立 Café 的 corkscrew cash flow,示範 profit 與 cash 的差異,以及 Pre-Open Sources/Uses 如何流入現金。
開店前已有 $5,000 working cash,但同時發生 inventory、CapEx、loan 與 equity flows。每月 closing cash 必須成為下一月 opening cash。
| Pre-Open Flow | 原書金額/Formula |
|---|---|
| Inventory Purchase | =-'Balance sheet'!K10 → -$5,000 |
| CapEx | =-'Balance sheet'!K11-'Balance sheet'!K12 → -$45,000 |
| Bank Loan | ='Balance sheet'!K3 → +$30,000 |
| Equity Raised | ='Balance sheet'!K4 → +$25,000 |
| Closing Cash | =SUM(B26:B41) → $5,000 |
C26 =B42,再向右 copy,讓前月 closing cash 變成本月 opening cash。C28 link Net Income =C20;C29 add back D&A =C13,因 depreciation 是 noncash expense。AR/AP 在此簡化模型中不 material,因此保留行但不計算。
| Cash Flow Point | 原書結果 |
|---|---|
| Pre-Open Closing Cash | $5,000 |
| January Net Income | -$272 |
| January D&A Add-back | +$569 |
| January Closing Cash | $5,297 |
| Year 1 December Closing Cash | $19,624 |
January Net Income 是 -$272,但 cash 仍從 $5,000 增至 $5,297,因為 $569 D&A 沒有實際現金流出。這正是 Profit ≠ Cash Flow 的典型例子。
請用 Pre-Open $5,000、January Net Income -$272、D&A +$569,解釋 corkscrew cash flow 與 profit/cash 差異;並說明為什麼不能把 $45,000 CapEx 再當 January operating expense。
**問題:**若忘記把 D&A 加回 Cash Flow,January closing cash 會有什麼方向性的錯誤?