💡 How to use this page: This chapter is directly tested in Paper 6 (practical). Every technique here is something you could be asked to perform or describe in the exam.

• 🌍 Why This Matters

• 🧪 1 — Experimental Design (12.1)

• 🧪 2 — Acid–Base Titrations (12.2)

• 🎈 3 — Chromatography (12.3)

• 🧙 4 — Separation and Purification (12.4)

• 🔍 5 — Identification of Ions and Gases (12.5)

• 🧠 Paper 6 Method Language Rescue

• 🎯 Exam-Favourite Apparatus Questions

• 🔬 Try it — Experimental Techniques Sims