One reusable, step-by-step instruction set that pulls together every page in this section. Follow these 7 steps in order for any topic given on exam day; each step links to the page with full depth and worked examples.
Step 1 — Decode the Topic
- Separate the Topic (the literal statement given) from the Prompt (the real debate or argument hidden inside it).
- Do not just agree with the topic at face value — dig for the underlying tension the examiner wants explored.
- Classify it as creative or factual, and identify its domain (economy, politics, governance, society, technology, etc.).
- Full depth: Argumentation, Stance & Prompt Decoding · Topic Selection & Past Paper Analysis
Step 2 — Choose the Topic & Form a Stance
- Pick one topic (of the ten given) where the statement and vocabulary are clearly understood, and where a strong introduction/conclusion is realistic.
- Form a clear, balanced thesis statement — do not ignore one side of the prompt just to argue the side preferred.
- Avoid absolute, one-sided stances; nuanced positions score higher with examiners.
- Full depth: Topic Selection & Past Paper Analysis
Step 3 — Build the Outline
- Spend up to one hour on rough work: analyzing the topic, then drafting a rough outline and rough introduction, before the final draft.
- Use the four-level numbering system: I → A → 1 → a (the fourth level is optional, only when an example needs breaking down further).
- Structure: I. Introduction (thesis) → two or three body sections, each one thematic category (current status, causes, effects, counter-argument) → a Way Forward / Solutions section → Conclusion.
- Every outline sub-point must survive into the essay as exactly one paragraph — no fluff points that never get written about.
- Include at least one genuine counter-argument-and-rebuttal branch somewhere in the body.
- Never leave an orphan sub-point: an
A needs a B, a 1 needs a 2.
- Full depth: Essay Outline Writing & Numbering Format · Argumentation, Stance & Prompt Decoding
Step 4 — Write Each Paragraph with PEEL