https://youtu.be/RfIUJ2DnPWY

• A personal foul that is:
  • Excessive or
  • Unnecessary
• Not based solely on severity
• Common examples include:
  • Excessive contact on a play
  • Fouling from behind to prevent a score
  • Contact not related to a normal basketball play
  • Swinging elbows that are excessive but not severe
  • Clamp-and-hold actions
  • Fouling away from the ball to stop the clock
• Penalty:
  • Two free throws
  • Possession for a throw-in