| Number System | Base | Short Description | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Binary | 2 | Uses 0 and 1 only. | Computers & digital circuits |
| Octal | 8 | Uses digits 0-7. | UNIX permissions, shorthand binary |
| Decimal | 10 | Standard human numbering system. | Daily calculations |
| Hexadecimal | 16 | Uses 0-9 and A-F. | Memory addresses, color codes, programming |
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
ipconfig |
Displays IP configuration. |
getmac |
Shows MAC address of network adapters. |
tracert <domain> |
Displays the route packets take. |
hostname |
Shows the computer name. |
nslookup <domain> |
Retrieves DNS information for a domain. |
Definition: An attack that corrupts DNS records and redirects users to fake or malicious websites.