Free throws are one of the most controlled yet most visible parts of a basketball game. Because everything slows down, mechanics, communication, and positioning become even more noticeable. This sublesson outlines proper free throw administration, official responsibilities, and how to handle common and special free throw situations with confidence and consistency.

Free Throw Administration: Position and Responsibility

The lead official always administers the free throw.

Before administering, the lead official must:

• Ensure all players are lined up properly
  • Non-shooting team occupies the bottom block spaces and must be present
  • Shooting team may occupy the middle block spaces (optional)
  • Non-shooting team may occupy the upper block spaces (optional)
• Confirm partners are ready
• Ensure the shot clock is properly reset when applicable

Administering the Free Throw

To properly administer a free throw:

• Clearly state the number of shots using minimal language
  • “3” or “2” or “1” — no extra explanation needed
  • “3 shots” or “2 shots” or “1 shot”
• Bounce the ball to the free throw shooter
• Stand below the bottom block or out of bounds for the free throws that will not remain live
  • Avoid standing directly under the basket out of bounds, as this can distract the shooter
• For the final free throw attempt that will remain live, stand in you position out of bounds that give you the best position and angle to referee the rebounding action

Shooter Readiness and Timing

Before bouncing the ball:

• Do not bounce the ball until the shooter is ready