Q1. Make up own arguments for rect()

Q5. Move a circle towards the mouse.

Q4d. if I change the width of the canvas, the circles still go to the corners without having to change any other code.

Q6 Move your rectangle of lines from Q3 towards the mouse.

This is a positive relationship. Every new birth can be thought of as an x++ operation that contributes to the larger community. Here x is the whole continent, People are the units being counted in the increment operation. If the population increases, society increases. In other words, every death of people will affect the whole continent, and cause x--;
There is no such thing as a new idea.
This is an amplifying relationship. Because we create ideas based on the existing ideas. In turn, these new ideas inspire further thinking and become the foundation for future ideas. This process is similar to x*=1.1. Each contribution may be small, but over time the growth becomes significant.
Everything is related to everything else.
This is a negative relationship. As the distance between two objects increases, their similarity decreases.

https://editor.p5js.org/yj3612/sketches/ITa2O9bzi